Inkulumo emfushane mayelana nabahloli besifutho sikasawoti ③

一、Inqubo yokuhlola isifutho sikasawoti

Amazinga ahlukene ahlinzeka ngenqubo yokuhlola ehluke kancane, le ndatshana iya ku-GJB 150.11A-2009 “izindlela zokuhlola imvelo zaselabhorethri yemishini yezempi Ingxenye 11: ukuhlolwa kwesifutho sikasawoti” njengesibonelo, chaza inqubo yokuhlola isifutho sikasawoti, okuhlanganisa nokuqondile:

1.Izinga lokuhlola isifutho sikasawoti: GJB 150.11A-2009

2.Ukwelashwa kwangaphambili kwesiqephu sokuhlola: susa ukungcola, okufana namafutha, amafutha, uthuli, ukwelashwa kusengaphambili kufanele kube kuncane ngangokunokwenzeka.

3.Ukuhlolwa kokuqala: ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo, uma kunesidingo, ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kukagesi nokomshini, ukurekhoda idatha yesisekelo.

4.Izinyathelo zokuhlola:

    a.Lungisa izinga lokushisa lekamelo lokuhlola libe ngu-35° C futhi ugcine isifanekiso okungenani amahora angu-2;

    b.Futha amahora angu-24 noma njengoba kuchaziwe;

    c.Yomisa ama-specimens ezingeni lokushisa lika-15° C kuya ku-35° C kanye nomswakama ohlobene ongekho ngaphezu kuka-50% amahora angu-24 noma isikhathi esithile;

   d.Phinda isifutho sikasawoti kanye nenqubo yokomisa kanye ukuze uqedele yomibili imijikelezo.

5.Ukubuyisela: Hlanza ngokucophelela ama-specimens ngamanzi agelezayo.

6.Ukuhlolwa Kokugcina: Ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo, ukuhlolwa kokusebenza komzimba nogesi uma kunesidingo, nokuqoshwa kwemiphumela yokuhlolwa.

7.Ukuhlaziywa kwemiphumela: Hlaziya imiphumela yokuhlolwa ezicini ezintathu: ngokomzimba, ugesi kanye nokugqwala.

二、 Izinto ezithinta ukuhlolwa kwesifutho sikasawoti

Izici eziyinhloko ezithinta imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwesifutho sikasawoti zifaka: izinga lokushisa lokuhlola kanye nomswakama, ukugcwala kwesixazululo sikasawoti, i-engeli yokubekwa kwesampula, inani le-pH yesixazululo sikasawoti, inani lokufafaza kukasawoti kanye indlela yokufutha.

1) Hlola izinga lokushisa nomswakama

Ukugqwala kwesifutho sikasawoti ngokuyisisekelo kuvela ekuphenduleni kwe-electrochemical, lapho izinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama kudlala indima ebalulekile ekulungiseni ijubane lalokhu kusabela.Ukwenyuka kwezinga lokushisa kuvamise ukuthi kubangele ukugqwala okushesha kakhudlwana kwesifutho sikasawoti.I-International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) isikhanyisele lesi simanga ngocwaningo lokuhlola ukugqwala okusheshisiwe komkhathi, iphawula ukuthi ukwenyuka okungu-10°C kungase kukhulise izinga lokugqwala ngesici sokubili ukuya kokuthathu, kuyilapho kuphinde kukhuphule ukusebenza kwe-electrolyte ngo-10 kuya ku-20. %.

Nokho, akukhona nje ukukhuphuka komugqa;izinga lokugqwala langempela alihambisani ngaso sonke isikhathi nokukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa ngendlela eqondile.Uma izinga lokushisa lokuhlola likhuphuka kakhulu, kungase kuphakame umehluko phakathi kwendlela yokugqwala kwesifutho sikasawoti nezimo zomhlaba wangempela, okubangela kungabaza ukwethembeka kwemiphumela.

Indaba ihlukile ngomswakama.I-Metal corrosion inephuzu elibalulekile lomswakamo, cishe u-70%, ngale kwalokho usawoti uqala ukuncibilika, kwakheka i-electrolyte eqhubayo.Ngokuphambene, njengoba amazinga omswakamo ehla, ukugcwala kwekhambi likasawoti kuyakhuphuka kuze kube yilapho kuvela imvula kasawoti oyikristale, okuholela ekwehleni kwamazinga okugqwala okulandelayo.Kungumdanso othambile phakathi kwezinga lokushisa nokuswakama, ngakunye kuthonya enye ngezindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi, ukuze kunqunywe ijubane ukugqwala okuya phambili ngalo.

2）I-pH yesisombululo sikasawoti

I-pH yesisombululo sikasawoti ingenye yezinto ezibalulekile ekunqumeni imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwesifutho sikasawoti.Uma i-pH ingaphansi kuka-7.0, ukugcwala kwama-ion e-hydrogen esixazululweni kuyenyuka njengoba i-pH iyancipha kanye ne-asidi iyanda, ngaleyo ndlela kwandisa ukugqwala.

3) I-engeli yokubeka isampula

Uma isifutho sikasawoti siwela cishe siqonde phezulu, indawo ehlongozwayo yesampula iyanda uma isampula isendaweni evundlile, okuholela ekugugulekeni okukhulu kwendawo yesampula ngesifutho sikasawoti, futhi ngaleyo ndlela kwandise izinga lokugqwala.

4）Ukugxila kwesixazululo sikasawoti

Ukuthi ukugxila kwesixazululo sikasawoti kulithinta kanjani izinga lokugqwala kuncike ohlotsheni lwempahla kanye nesembozo saso esingaphezulu.Uma ukugxila kungadluli amaphesenti angu-5, sibona ukuthi izinga lokugqwala kwensimbi, i-nickel nethusi likhuphuka njengoba ukugxila kwesisombululo kuphakama;ngokuphambene, lapho ukugxila kudlula amaphesenti angu-5, izinga lokugqwala lalezi zinsimbi libonisa ukuthambekela kokugqwala ngokuphambene ngokulingana nokwanda kokugxila.Kodwa-ke, ezinsimbi ezifana ne-zinc, i-cadmium nethusi, izinga lokugqwala lihlala lihlotshaniswa kahle nokugxilwa kwesisombululo sikasawoti, okungukuthi, ukuphakama kokugxila, izinga lokugqwala ngokushesha.

Ngaphezu kwalokhu, izici ezithinta imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwesifutho sikasawoti zihlanganisa: ukuphazamiseka kokuhlolwa, ukwelashwa kwesampula yokuhlola, indlela yokufafaza, isikhathi sokufafaza, njalonjalo.